With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century, survival has greatly improved. Įach year, pneumonia affects about 450 million people globally (7% of the population) and results in about 4 million deaths. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Other methods of prevention include hand washing to prevent infection, not smoking, and social distancing. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia (such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, linked to influenza, or linked to COVID-19) are available. Risk factors for pneumonia include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), and a weak immune system. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired, such as community- or hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated pneumonia. Chest X-rays, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. The severity of the condition is variable. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
Cough, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, fever Ĭystic fibrosis, COPD, sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, history of smoking, older age ĬOPD, asthma, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism Īntibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy
0 kommentar(er)
